# Geneva Energy Brief
> Analysis and explainers on energy markets, commodity trading and regulation

Geneva Energy Brief is an independent editorial site publishing practical, evergreen explainers on energy and commodity trading explained.

## Articles
- [PW1100G-JM Engine Removals, Shop Visits and Transport Stands](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/pw1100g-jm-engine-removals-transport-stands): What the FAA airworthiness directives on the PW1100G-JM powder-metal issue require, how many engines are affected, and what the AGSE transport stand offers.
- [Commodity Trading Careers: Skills and Entry Checklist](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/commodity-trading-career-entry-checklist): A practical checklist for commodity trading careers: degrees, languages, internships, operations vs front office, and what Geneva and Singapore firms screen for.
- [Commodity Trading Glossary: 60 Key Terms](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/commodity-trading-terms-glossary): A practical glossary of 60 key commodity trading terms, from back-to-back trades and laycans to contango, demurrage and netback, grouped by theme.
- [Letters of Credit in Commodity Trade Finance](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/letters-of-credit-commodity-trade-finance): How letters of credit work in physical commodity trade: parties, document rules, common discrepancies, and alternatives like documentary collections and standby LCs.
- [REMIT Explained: EU Energy Market Abuse Rules](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/remit-energy-market-abuse-rules): REMIT bans insider trading and manipulation in EU wholesale energy markets. This guide explains the rules, reporting duties, and the 2024 REMIT II changes.
- [EMIR vs MiFID II: What Energy Traders Must Know](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/emir-vs-mifid-ii-energy-traders): How EMIR and MiFID II affect energy and commodity trading desks differently: reporting, clearing, position limits and the ancillary exemption explained.
- [Energy Hedging Strategies Explained Simply](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/energy-hedging-strategies-explained): How oil, gas, and power hedgers use futures, swaps, and options, with basis risk, hedge ratios, and worked examples for physical traders.
- [How the EU ETS Carbon Market Works](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/how-eu-ets-carbon-market-works): A practitioner's guide to the EU ETS: cap and trade, EUA allowances, auctions, the Market Stability Reserve, and how carbon prices drive fuel switching in power markets.
- [How LNG Trading Works: Cargoes, Routes, Arbitrage](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/how-lng-trading-works): How LNG cargoes are bought, sold and diverted between basins: FOB vs DES terms, freight economics, and the arbitrage math behind every trading decision.
- [What Price Reporting Agencies Actually Do](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/what-price-reporting-agencies-do): How Platts, Argus and ICIS build price assessments, what windows and differentials mean, and how physical contracts reference benchmarks in energy markets.
- [How the TTF Gas Price Works](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/how-ttf-gas-price-works): How the Dutch TTF gas price works: the virtual hub, futures and spot indices, and why TTF sets the benchmark for Europe and LNG.
- [Brent vs WTI: Crude Oil Benchmarks Compared](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/brent-vs-wti-crude-oil-benchmarks): Brent vs WTI compared: contract specs, delivery points, quality, pricing windows, spread drivers, and which benchmark fits which trade.
- [FinfraG Explained: Swiss Commodity Trading Rules](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/swiss-commodity-trading-regulation-finfrag): FinfraG explained for Geneva commodity desks: who must report OTC derivatives under the Swiss FMIA, thresholds, exemptions, and a practical compliance checklist.
- [Why Geneva Became a Global Commodity Trading Hub](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/why-geneva-commodity-trading-hub): Why Geneva hosts the world's largest commodity traders: tax rules, financing, logistics, legal stability and cluster effects, plus career implications.
- [Physical vs Paper Trading: Key Differences](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/physical-vs-paper-trading-differences): Physical and paper commodity trades differ in delivery, counterparties, margining and documentation. This guide compares both and shows how cargoes are hedged.
- [How Commodity Trading Works: A Complete Guide](https://globalenergygeneva.com/blog/how-commodity-trading-works-guide): A complete guide to the commodity trade lifecycle: sourcing, pricing, freight, storage, financing, settlement, and how paper trading overlays the physical chain.

## Resources
Glossary: https://globalenergygeneva.com/glossary
Full text of all articles: https://globalenergygeneva.com/llms-full.txt